Phosphorous exists in the intracellular fluid, in bone, and elsewhere. It is usually balanced with calcium in the body so it's regulated by PTH (parathyroid hormone) and calcitonin. It also plays a part in acid-base metabolism.
Increased phosphorous "hyperphosphatemia" may be caused by:
-Cellular damage: due to the intracellular phosphorous leaking out.
-Over-administration of phosphorous: via phosphorous containing fluids, foods, or enemas.
-Renal issues: reductions in renal blood flow or GFR will cause more phosphorous than normal to be reabsorbed.
-Ruptured bladder: phosphorous from the urine is reabsorbed from the abdomen and ends up back in the blood.
Decreased phosphorous "hypophosphatemia" may be caused by:
-Increased use: increased cellular uptake of phosphorous due to accelerated metabolism
-Decreased intake
-Over-administration of binders: such as during treatment for chronic renal failure or antacids that bind with phosphate.
-Alkalosis
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