Calcium is balanced in the body by ParaThyroid Hormone (PTH) which stimulates bone breakdown in order to increase the calcium levels in the blood when they are low and calcitonin which stimulates the storage of calcium in the bone thereby decreasing blood calcium.
Increased blood calcium "hypercalcemia" may be caused by:
-Overactive parathyroid: (hyperparathyroidism) due to cancer or hypoadrenocorticism.
-Cancer: Increased calcium raises a red flag for lymphoma, myeloma, osteosarcoma, some adenocarcinomas, or other types of cancers.
-Diet: vitamin D toxicity.
-Renal failure
Decreased blood calcium "hypocalcemia" may be caused by:
-Eclampsia: the demands of milk production may result in hypocalcemia.
-Diet: calcium or vitamin D deficiency.
-Loop diuretics: result in loss of calcium.
-Stress
-Pancreatitis
-Renal failure
-Tissue degradation: as happens with circulatory shock or heat stress.
-Hypercalcitoninism: too much calcitonin (rare).
-Secondary to other issues: such as hypoalbuminemia or acid-base imbalances
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